A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Table 5 Summary of studies using industry/firm innovation input/outcome indicators
Innovation indicators | Authors |
|---|---|
Innovation input | |
Corporate patent linked to university papers | Agrawal and Cockburn 2003 |
Corporate patents | Jaffe 1989 |
Corporate patents, R&D expenditure | Autant-Bernard 2001 |
Corporate R&D | Boardman and Gray 2010 |
Corporate R&D and innovation | De Fuentes and Dutrenit 2012 |
Corporate R&D stocks linked to universities | Adams 2002 |
Corporate patenting rate | Hu 2008 |
Induced investment | Giesecke 2000 |
Kramer et al. 1997 | |
Pressman et al. 1995 | |
Industry-owned patents | Lawson 2013a |
Lawson 2013b | |
Innovative expenditure | Beugelsdijk and Cornet 2002 |
Investment in building and equipment | Florax and Folmer 1992 |
R&D intensity | Hauknes and Knell 2009 |
Research collaboration | Martin 1998 |
Innovation outcome indicators | |
Innovation sales | Beugelsdijk and Cornet 2002 |
Lööf and Broström 2008 | |
Innovative count | Anselin et al. 1997 |
Innovative output of firms | Acs et al. 1994 |
Innovative products | Beise and Stahl 1999 |
Varga 2000 | |
New product innovation sales | Eom and Lee 2010 |
New products | |
New products and processes | Rosenberg and Nelson 1994 |
No. of drugs entering each clinical R&D stage (from NIH grant expenditure) | Blume-Kohout 2012 |
Product and process innovation | Bozeman and Kingsley 1997 |
Bozeman and Klein 1999 | |
Coccia 2008 | |
Conceição et al. 1998 | |
Georghiou, and Roessner 2000 | |
Kingsley et al. 1996 | |
Klevorick et al. 1995 | |
Sales and profitability | Bozeman 2000 |
Sales growth rate | Evangelista and Vezzani 2010 |
Sales of new products, improved products and products with no or incremental changes | Faems et al. 2005 |
Sales of products and services of spin-offs | Vincett 2010 |
Sales per employee | Barajas et al. 2012 |
Lööf and Heshmati 2002 | |