Measuring synergy within a Triple Helix innovation system using game theory: cases of some developed and emerging countries

Triple Helix

A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Table 1 Outputs of the Triple Helix spheres in selected innovation systems

Country		U	I	G	UI	UG	IG	UIG	Total
USA	#	152,449	6506	24,134	7200	37,834	1782	2666	232,571
USA	%	65.55	2.80	10.38	3.10	16.27	0.77	1.15	100
UK	#	39,316	1167	12,020	1719	13,098	394	690	68,404
UK	%	57.48	1.71	17.57	2.51	19.15	0.58	1.01	100
Germany	#	35,588	700	8627	1028	14,003	407	664	61,017
Germany	%	58.32	1.15	14.14	1.68	22.95	0.67	1.09	100
France	#	13,571	507	14,020	439	11,593	452	530	41,112
France	%	33.01	1.23	34.10	1.07	28.20	1.10	1.29	100
Russia	#	4978	102	10,996	76	6315	162	138	22,767
Russia	%	21.86	0.45	48.30	0.33	27.74	0.71	0.61	100
India	#	4134	194	4563	97	1813	61	55	10,917
India	%	37.87	1.78	41.80	0.89	16.61	0.56	0.50	100
Brazil	#	6052	46	1074	137	1727	32	52	9120
Brazil	%	66.36	0.50	11.78	1.50	18.94	0.35	0.57	100
China	#	13,235	61	3791	237	4610	68	114	22,116
China	%	59.84	0.28	17.14	1.07	20.84	0.31	0.52	100