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A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Table 1 OLS and robust regression estimations of the empirical models

From: Organizing product innovation: hierarchy, market or triple-helix networks?

Outcome: log(Innoshare + 1)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1 robust

Model 2 robust

Internal

0.59*** (0.12)

0.55*** (0.12)

0.59*** (0.12)

0.54*** (0.12)

Cooperation

0.23* (0.12)

0.20 (0.12)

0.22* (0.12)

0.19 (0.12)

New-to-market

0.24*** (0.08)

0.19** (0.08)

0.19** (0.08)

0.15* (0.08)

Regional partners

 

−0.00 (0.02)

 

−0.01 (0.02)

National partners

 

0.03 (0.03)

 

0.02 (0.03)

International partners

 

0.10*** (0.03)

 

0.10*** (0.03)

Company size

−0.18*** (0.04)

−0.21*** (0.04)

−0.18*** (0.04)

−0.20*** (0.04)

Foreign ownership

0.05 (0.10)

−0.07 (0.11)

−0.01 (0.11)

−0.14 (0.11)

Mining

0.42 (0.31)

0.38 (0.31)

0.40 (0.32)

0.30 (0.31)

Manufacturing

−0.29*** (0.10)

−0.27***(0.10)

−0.30*** (0.10)

−0.30*** (0.10)

Electricity, gas and water supplies

−0.15 (0.21)

−0.16 (0.29)

−0.23 (0.74)

−0.24 (0.73)

Construction

−0.15 (0.16)

−0.08 (0.16)

−0.25 (0.15)

−0.18 (0.15)

Wholesale and retail trade

−0.27** (0.11)

−0.25** (0.11)

−0.29** (0.11)

−0.28** (0.12)

Hotels and restaurants

−0.39** (0.16)

−0.31* (0.17)

−0.44** (0.18)

−0.36** (0.17)

Transport and communications

−0.13 (0.17)

−0.10 (0.16)

−0.09 (0.16)

−0.07 (0.16)

Financial services

−0.76*** (0.24)

−0.77*** (0.24)

−0.69*** (0.21)

−0.70*** (0.21)

Constant

3.06*** (0.18)

3.03*** (0.20)

3.15*** (0.18)

3.15*** (0.18)

Number

752

752

752

752

R 2

0.12

0.14

  
  1. Table shows regression coefficients, with robust standard errors enclosed in parentheses. * = P<0.10, ** = P<0.05, *** = P<0.01.