A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Table 1 Linkages in innovation systems, according to the World Bank's ‘Knowledge Economy Index’ (measured on the scale from 1 to 7, data for 2010)
From: Technology platforms in Russia: a catalyst for connecting government, science, and business?
Indicator | USA | UK | Germany | France | Brazil | India | China | Russia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cooperation of companies and universities | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 3.7 |
Presence of value chains | 5.1 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 2.6 |