A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Table 1 Overview of economic and innovation performance of China and the USA
From: China’s innovation financing system: Triple Helix policy perspectives
Indicator | Year | China | US |
|---|---|---|---|
Population | 2012 | 1.343 billion | 314 million |
Gross domestic product (GDP) | 2012 | USD 8.28 trillion | USD 15.685 trillion |
GDP growth (%) | 2012 | 7.8 | 2.2 |
IMD world competitiveness ranking | 2013 | 21 | 1 |
2012 | 23 | 2 | |
WEF competitiveness ranking | 2013 | 29 | 7 |
2012 | 26 | 5 | |
Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) ranking | 2012 | 84 | 12 |
KEI | 2012 | 4.37 | 8.77 |
Percentage of R&D expenditure to GDP (approximate) | 2012 | 1.6 | 2.8 |
Number of patent applications | |||
Residents | 2011 | 415,829 | 247,750 |
Non-residents | 2011 | 110,583 | 255,832 |
Total researchers in full-time equivalency (FTE) | 2011 | 2,882,903 | n/a |
2007 | 1,423,381 | 1,412,639 | |
Number of scientific journal publications (Scopus database, Elsevier B.V.) | 2011 | 373,756 | 519,573 |