A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Table 1 Comparison between USA and Russia by a number of indicators reflecting conditions and results of research and innovative activity
From: Intersectoral mobility of researchers in Russia: trends and policy measures
Indicators | USA | Russia |
|---|---|---|
Number of days to start business, 2011 | 6 | 30 |
Quality of government regulations (expert evaluation), 2009 | 1.36 | −0.46 |
Rule of law (expert evaluation), 2009 | 1.53 | −0.77 |
Level of cooperation between universities and companies (measured from 1 to 7), 2010 | 5.80 | 3.70 |
Availability of venture capital (measured from 1 to 7), 2010 | 3.80 | 2.30 |
Expenditures of private sector on R&D (measured from 1 to 7), 2010 | 5.40 | 3.20 |
Technology absorption at firm level (measured from 1 to 7), 2010 | 6.00 | 4.00 |
Share of articles with international co-authorship (%), 2008 | 29.78 | 40.73 |
Level of unemployment (% to labor resources), 2005 to 2009 | 5.88 | 6.96 |
Complications in hiring personnel, 2010 | 0.00 | 33.00 |