Effect of international collaboration on knowledge flow within an innovation system: a Triple Helix approach

Triple Helix

A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Table 7 Mutual information (T _uig, in millibits) and transmission power (τ) for South Korea (2001–2010) at domestic, foreign and global levels

Year	South Korea		Foreign		Global		\( \frac{\tau_g-{\tau}_d}{\tau_g}\ \left(\%\right) \)
Year	T _uig	τ _d	T _uig	τ _f	T _uig	τ _g	\( \frac{\tau_g-{\tau}_d}{\tau_g}\ \left(\%\right) \)
2001	−58.151	15.32	−41.944	13.24	−49.904	17.45	13.90
2002	−59.328	16.81	−42.293	13.54	−46.684	18.08	7.56
2003	−52.915	15.77	−49.976	14.71	−43.775	18.04	14.39
2004	−54.57	16.75	−51.463	17	−44.625	18.93	13.01
2005	−52.934	15.86	−38.124	13.43	−43.132	17.97	13.30
2006	−51,671	15.61	−42,402	14.45	−40,816	16,86	8.01
2007	−54,291	15.75	−41,293	15.13	−44,681	17.55	11.43
2008	−47,751	15.8	−26,366	9.97	−36,78	17.07	8.04
2009	−35,686	12.84	−37,811	15.03	−31	15.85	23.44
2010	−33,218	12.19	−28,651	11.96	−23,898	12.93	6.07
2001-2010	−48,036	15.17	−38,561	13.89	−38,685	17	12.06