A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Table 4 World economic forum data, China and Russia
From: The Triple Helix after communism: Russia and China compared
Ranking in 2006–2007 and 2014–2015 | ||
|---|---|---|
Indicator | 2006–2007 | 2014–2015 |
Production process sophistication | ||
  China | 89 | 56 |
  Russia | 70 | 92 |
Innovation capacity | Â | Â |
  China | 43 | 40 |
  Russia | 49 | 66 |
Quality of scientific research institutions | ||
  China | 63 | 39 |
  Russia | 32 | 56 |
Enterprise funding of R&D | Â | Â |
  China | 39 | 23 |
  Russia | 44 | 62 |
Business-university collaboration in R&D | Â | Â |
  China | 27 | 32 |
  Russia | 54 | 67 |
Government procurement fosters innovation in advanced technologies | Â | Â |
  China | 21 | 10 |
  Russia | 79 | 81 |
Availability of scientists and engineers | ||
  China | 86 | 43 |
  Russia | 46 | 70 |
Patent applications (per 1 million pop.) | Â | Â |
  China | 49 | 43 |
  Russia | 38 | 41 |
Intellectual property protection | ||
  China | 74 | 53 |
  Russia | 112 | 107 |