A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Table 4 Summary of studies using university/PRI commercialisation output indicators
Commercialisation output indicators | Authors |
|---|---|
Licensees that go IPO, royalties | Powers and McDougall 2005a |
Licenses | Bach and Llerena 2007 |
Bekkers and Freitas 2008 | |
Carlsson and Fridh 2002 | |
Heisey and Adelman 2011 | |
Hewitt-Dundas 2012 | |
Huggins and Johnston 2009 | |
Lach and Schankerman 2008 | |
Nelson 2009 | |
Sine et al. 2003 | |
Licenses, spin-offs | Bozeman and Kingsley 1997 |
Bozeman and Klein 1999 | |
Georghiou, and Roessner 2000 | |
Gulbrandsen and Rasmussen 2012 | |
Maia and Claro 2013 | |
McAdam et al. 2009 | |
Pries and Guild 2011 | |
Rogers et al. 1999 | |
Rogers et al. 2000 | |
New biotech enterprises | Zucker et al. 1998 |
No of spin-offs that go IPO | Powers and McDougall 2005b |
Spin-off rate | Bania et al. 1993 |
Colombo et al. 2010 | |
Di Gregorio and Shane 2003 | |
Spin-offs | Bach and Lambert 1992 |
Harhoff 1999 | |
Jacobsson and Vico 2010 | |
Lehrer et al. 2009 | |
Lockett and Wright 2005 | |
Marion et al. 2012 | |
Miner et al. 2012 | |
O’Shea et al. 2005 | |
O'Shea et al. 2007 | |
Probert et al. 2013 | |
Rasmussen and Borch 2010 | |
Tassey 1999 | |
Technology transfer | Coccia 2008. |