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A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Table 5 Latent factors to barriers to innovation (knowledge-based institutions)

From: Barriers to innovation: the case of Ghana and implications for developing countries

Number of Factor

Name of Factor

Variables

Factor Loading

Cronbach’s Alpha

Total Varience Explained

KMO

Bartlets Test of Sphericity

Chi Squared

Df

Significance

1

Poor Human Capital

* Lack of Technically Trained Manpower

0.846

0.862

32.466

0.786

874.204

136

0.000

* Quality of Technically Trained Manpower

0.786

2

Sophisticated Markets

* Lack of Demanding Customers

−0.901

0.741

9.579

* Lack of Innovative Customers

−0.846

* Lack of Competition

−0.585

3

Organisational Risks

* Excessive Percieved Economic Risk

0.764

0.751

8.579

* Organisational Rigidities

0.744

* Restrictive Public / Governmental Regulations

0.743

* Hierachical Organisations

0.576

4

ICT Stocks & Flows

* ICT Capacity

0.890

0.925

7.006

* Rate of Access to ICT

0.856

5

(THIS FACTOR IS NOT RELIABLE AND HENCE NOT NAMED)

* Lack of Explicit Policy Support

0.862

0.506

6.652

* Lack of Finance

0.749

Cumulative Total (CTVE)

64.281

  1. NB. Residuals are computed between observed and reproduced correlations. There are 60 (44.0%) non-redundant residuals with absolute values greater than 0.05