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A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Table 1 Interviews according to the Quadruple Helix Matrix

From: The transfer of corruptive routines from old industrial regions to innovation clusters: a blind spot in innovation studies

 

University

Industry

Government

Society

Mature clusters (coal mining) Shanxi, Shaanxi, Guizhou

• Researchers in coal mining

• Local training institutions (vocational)

• Owners of local coal mines

• SOE Managers

• Party members, local, provincial, central

• Investigative journalists

• Industry experts

• Consultants

Innovative clusters (high tech) Beijing, Shanghai, Tjianjin

• Business schools (Tsinghua)

• Universities (IMAU, Tongji)

• Students/researchers/faculty members

• Chinese managers in foreign firms

• Chinese high technology firms (f.e. Huawei Shenzhen)

• High technology zone management (Teda)

• CASTED

• Intermediaries

• SAFEA

• Consultants

  1. Source: Carayannis et al. 2017; Carayannis and Campbell 2009