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A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Table 2 Typology of university technology transfer organizations

From: Towards a typology of university technology transfer organizations in China: evidences from Tsinghua University

Characteristic models

Degree of discipline specialization

Degree of task specialization

Level of autonomy

Degree of exclusivity

A: Classical TTO

Discipline integrated

Fully integrated, backward integrated, or forward integrated

Dependent (on the university)

Exclusive (to the university)

B: Autonomous TTO

Discipline integrated

Fully integrated, backward integrated, or forward integrated

Independent

Exclusive

C: Discipline-integrated Technology Transfer Alliance

Discipline integrated

Fully integrated, forward integrated, or IP integrated

Independent

Non-exclusive

D: Discipline-specialized Technology Transfer Alliance

Discipline specialized

Fully integrated, forward integrated

Independent

Non-exclusive

  1. Source: Modified from Schoen et al. (2014)