A Journal of University-Industry-Government Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Characteristic models | Degree of discipline specialization | Degree of task specialization | Level of autonomy | Degree of exclusivity |
---|---|---|---|---|
A: Classical TTO | Discipline integrated | Fully integrated, backward integrated, or forward integrated | Dependent (on the university) | Exclusive (to the university) |
B: Autonomous TTO | Discipline integrated | Fully integrated, backward integrated, or forward integrated | Independent | Exclusive |
C: Discipline-integrated Technology Transfer Alliance | Discipline integrated | Fully integrated, forward integrated, or IP integrated | Independent | Non-exclusive |
D: Discipline-specialized Technology Transfer Alliance | Discipline specialized | Fully integrated, forward integrated | Independent | Non-exclusive |